Grace Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean Essay Example for Free

Grace Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean Essay Writers who came from over seas write the two poems that I have been asked to analyse. Grace Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean. The poems deal with identical themes, a man who has immigrated to Britain from the Caribbean, and must learn to adapt to a new life and culture. Both men suffer a sense of loss for their past, but in Hugh Boatswains poem Old Father, the central character tries to forget about his earlier life. Hugh Boatswain writes the poem Old Father in a Caribbean dialect. It is a narrative poem, which tells the story of old fathers arrival in Britain. At first old father is very unhappy, we can see this in the quote. Man, a takkin de nex boat back home. The writer is trying to show the reader that old father is thinking of taking the next boat back home. At this point in the poem old father still uses Caribbean dialect. I think that the use of the word home tells the reader the old father wants to go home. Later as he forgets about his past and rejects his earlier culture. Old father is trying to ignore his heritage and trying to become English. We can see that old father rejects his earlier culture when he makes jokes about his people to the white people, we can see this in the quote. tut tut, he would say, isnt it disgusting how they make a spectacle of themselves. The poem is divided into four stanzas. The writer uses alliteration and assonance, to give the poem a rhythmical sound. Assonance is where the vowels sound the same in a line, for example in this quote. make him bawl in his small basement room. Boatswain also uses alliteration when he repeats b consonants. We can see alliteration in this quote. Bouncing down the road with a blond. We can also see the writer using personification in the quote. Cold bite him hard. The poem gives a lot of detail about old fathers life and now he changes to adapt to his new life. He changes his appearance by straightening his hair and ignoring his old friends. The writer is quite critical about old father, he sees him as betraying his identity. Island Man written by Grace Nichols is an imagist poem. The writer gives images or pictures of the mans dreams rather then telling his story directly to the reader. The poem is written in free verse, without rhythm. However, the writer uses alliteration in the phrases. Sun Surfacing heaves himself Nichols also repeats word, we can see this in the quote. groggily groggily muffling muffling Which describes the man waking up. The repetition helps to emphasise the emotions of the man. The poem is divided into the mans dreams of the Island and his waking life in London. The writer uses enjambment, which means that each line flows into the next. We can see an example of enjambment in the quote. Morning and Island man wakes up This gives the language in this poem a rhythmical pattern like wave on a beach. The use of colours is very important in this poem. The dream Island is blue surf and small emerald Island. In contrast London is grey metallic soar. By reading and analysing the two poems Old Father and Island Man I have come to a conclusion that I think that the poem Old Father is better in the sense of language and themes. I enjoyed reading the poem Old Father more because the writer has used a large range of language skills. It also shows the use of Caribbean dialect, and the way the writer has structured out the poem.

Pepsin and its Funciont as a Gastric Gland Cell :: essays research papers

A gastric gland is a tubular structure in the vertebrate stomach that secretes gastric juices. The gastric glands have three types of cells that secrete different components of the gastric juice. One of them is being a chief cell, which is a rust color and is an inactive form of the digestive enzyme Pepsin. Pepsin begins the digestion of proteins in food. Pepsin is a Peptidases, which is an enzyme that breaks peptide bonds of proteins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pepsin is found in the mucosal lining of the stomach that breaks down the protein in the food we eat. A protein is an organic compound that consists of aminio acids joined by peptide bonds. Pepsin is one of three principal protein- degrading enzymes in the digestive system the other two being chymotrypsin which catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds and trypsin that acts with the other proteins to break down dietary protein molecules to their peptides and amino acids which will be absorbed by the intestinal lining. Pepsin is synthesized in an inactive form in the stomach lining; it is necessary to convert the inactive enzyme and to maintain the optimum acidity (pH 1–3) for pepsin function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secreting pepsin in the inactive form of pepsinogen helps to protect the cells of the gastric glands, and mucus helps protect the stomach lining from both pepsin and acid. Pepsinogen and HCl are secreted into the interior of the gastric gland. Then HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin. Then pepsin activates more pepsinogen starting a chain reaction. Pepsin begins chemical digestion of proteins. It splits the polypeptide chains of proteins Into smaller polypeptides. Polypeptide chains are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. This primes the proteins for digestion in the small intestine.

Network Management System Essay

A Network Management System is a combination of software and hardware which is used for monitoring and effective administration of a network. For any network which requires management of number of network tasks to be integrated in a single software solution, there is a need of effective and efficient planning. It is the task of the network management system to locate network support, keep a check on the activities and health of the network devices attached and provides exceptional handling mechanism in order to alert the administrator in cases of conditions which can hinder the performance of the network(Laudon & Laudon,2007). NMS systems use many different kinds of protocols in accordance their usage for example one of the commonly used is SNMP protocol which allows the gathering of information to be simplified for the administrator and users over the network from the devices attached in accordance to the network hierarchy. The NMS software are responsible for problem identification along with the exact source of the problem and provide effective solutions in order to prevent the problem from effecting the performance of the network. The NMS are also responsible for collecting the device data and numbers in terms of statistics to keep a log of the performance of the network. This usually includes a library of protocols which help the administrator in the management of the network through the Network Management System software. For to make sure there is a streamlined management of the network, every network is assigned a network manager. The network manager is responsible for monitoring the activities, methods which help the network running which includes the procedures which are usually defined for every specific network and lastly, the use of tools which the network administrator/manager is well equipped with in order to control monitor and use in terms of exceptional handling over the network. The operation of the network manager is to deal with keeping the network up and running smoothly. This includes the task of finding out any problem and rectifying it in time to make sure all systems over the particular network are not affected by the downtime of the network. Maintenance of the network involves proper measures and preventive procedures and measures for the network to be running smoothly such as the task of adjusting device configuration parameters for systems on the network(Laudon & Laudon,2007). A management information base (MIB) is defined as a virtual database which is used for management of the network activities over a communication network. They are often related with the SNMP protocol commonly known as Simple Network Management Protocol. it is commonly used to pass on to a meticulous subset, more appropriately referred to as MIB-module. Items in the MIB are distinct by means of a subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) also known as â€Å"Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)† RFC 2578 which performs the parsing for the MIB compiler on the network. The Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) for MIB was developed to sustain supervision and protocol scrutiny of the local area network. The unique versions centers on OSI Layer 1 and Layer 2 in sequence in Ethernet and Token Ring system. It is unmitigated by RMON2 which appends maintenance for the Network Layer and Application Layer monitoring and by SMON which has added support for switched networks. Probing helps the system to examine and evaluate the network consistently and thus, helps the network manager to keep the network agents in check and up and running. â€Å"The following diagram shows a reference architecture that Cisco Systems believes should be the minimal solution for managing a data network. This architecture includes a Cisco CallManager server for those who plan to manage Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): The diagram shows how you would integrate the CallManager server into the NMS topology. † (CISCO, 2010). References: CISCO. (2010). NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: BEST PRACTICES WHITE PAPER . Retrieved July 13,2010 from http://www. cisco. com/en/US/tech/tk869/tk769/technologies_white_paper09186a00800aea9c. shtml Laudon & Laudon, K C. , (2007), Management Information Systems. Pearson Education India

Analysis of the Robert Browning Poem My Last Duchess

Robert Browning was a prolific poet and at times his poetry drew a stark contrast to that of his famous wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who was a rather gentle poet. A perfect example is his dramatic monologue, My Last Duchess, which is a dark and daring portrait of a domineering man. The misogynistic character of the poem is a severe contrast to Browning himself who—while writing in the persona of men like the duke, who dominated (and barely loved) their wives—penned endearing love poems to his own Elizabeth. Browning exercises what John Keats referred to as negative capability: an artists capacity to lose himself in his characters, revealing nothing of his own personality, political views, or philosophies.   Though written in 1842, My Last Duchess is set in the 16th century. And yet, it speaks volumes of the treatment of women in the Victorian time of the Brownings. To critique the oppressive, male-dominated society of his age, Browning often gave voice to villainous characters, each representing the antithesis of his worldview. Dramatic Monologue What sets this poem apart from many others is that it is a dramatic monologue—a type of poem in which a character distinctly different from that of the poet is speaking to someone else. Actually, some dramatic monologues feature speakers who talk to themselves, but the monologues with silent characters, such as â€Å"My Last Duchess,† display more artistry, more theatrics in storytelling because they are not mere confessions (as is Browning’s Porphyrias Lover). Instead, readers can imagine a specific setting and detect action and reaction based on the hints given within the verse. In My Last Duchess, the dramatic monologue is directed at a courtier of a wealthy count, presumably one whose daughter the Duke is trying to marry. Before the poem even begins, the courtier has been escorted through the Dukes palace—probably through an art gallery filled with paintings and sculptures. The courtier has noticed the curtain which conceals a painting, and the Duke decides to treat his guest to a viewing of this very special portrait of his late wife. The courtier is impressed, perhaps even mesmerized by the smile of the woman in the painting. Based on the Duke’s words, we can infer that the courtier asked what produced such an expression. Thats when the dramatic monologue begins: Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall,Looking as if she were alive. I callThat piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolfs handsWorked busily a day, and there she stands.Willt please you sit and look at her? (lines 1-5) The Duke behaves cordially enough, asking his guest if he would like to gaze at the painting—we are witnessing the speakers public persona. As the monologue continues, the Duke boasts about the fame of the painter: Fra Pandolf. Fra is a shortened version of friar, a holy member of the church, which might be an unusual first occupation for a painter. The Duchesss Character What the painting captures appears to be a watered-down version of the Duchesss joyfulness. While it is clear that the Duke doesnt approve of the spot of joy (lines 15-16) on her cheek, we arent sure whether it is an addition fabricated by the friar or whether the Duchess did indeed blush during the painting session. It is clear, however, that the Duke is pleased that his wifes smile has been preserved within the artwork. Yet, the painting appears to be the only place where the Duchess’ smile is allowed. The Duke explains to his visitor that she would offer that beautiful smile to everyone, instead of reserving it exclusively for her husband. She appreciated nature, the kindness of others, animals, and the simple pleasures of everyday life, and this disgusts the Duke. It seems the Duchess cared about her husband and often showed him that look of joy and love, but he feels that she ranked / [his] gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name / With anybodys gift (lines 32-34). She failed to sufficiently revere the name and family she married into. The Duke might not reveal his explosive emotions to the courtier as they sit and look at the painting, but the reader can deduce that the Duchesss lack of worshipfulness infuriated her husband. He wanted to be the only person, the only object of her affection. The Duke self-righteously continues his explanation of events, rationalizing that despite his disappointment it would have been beneath him to talk openly with his wife about his feelings of jealousy. He does not request, nor even demand that she alter her behavior because he finds that degrading: Een then would be some stooping; and I choose / Never to stoop (lines 42-43). He feels that communication with his own wife is beneath his class. Instead, he gives commands and all smiles stopped together (line 46). The reader can assume, however, that the duke does not give commands to her directly; to him, any instruction would be stooping.   The poem ends with the Duke leading the courtier to the rest of his party, reiterating that the Duke’s interest in the new lady is not only for her inheritance but also her own â€Å"self†Ã¢â‚¬â€a great nod to the question of the speakers reliability. The final lines of the poem display the Duke showing off another of his artistic acquisitions. Analysis of My Last Duchess â€Å"My Last Duchess† is a dramatic monologue presented in a single stanza. It is compiled predominantly of iambic pentameter and contains a lot of enjambment (sentences that don’t end at the end of the lines). As a result, the Duke’s speech seems always flowing, never inviting a space for any response; he is the one in complete charge. Additionally, Browning uses heroic couplet as a rhyming scheme, yet the real hero of the poem is silenced. Similarly, the title and the Duchess spot of joy seem to be the only places where the Duchess is entitled to some power. Obsession with Control and Jealousy The predominant theme of My Last Duchess is the speaker’s obsession with control. The Duke exhibits an arrogance rooted in an audacious sense of male superiority. He is stuck on himself—full of narcissism and misogyny. As suggested by the character heading at the beginning of the speech, the speakers name is Ferrara. Most scholars agree that Browning derived his character from a 16th-century Duke of the same title: Alfonso II dEste, a renowned patron of the arts who was also rumored to have poisoned his first wife. Being of a higher society, the speaker automatically possesses a large amount of authority and power. This is reinforced by the structure of the poem itself—in the monologue, with no response from the courtier, let alone the Duchess, the Duke is allowed to present himself and the story in whichever way suits him best. His need for control, along with his jealousy, are also perceptible when the Duke decides to uncover the painting for the courtier. By being the only one with the power to reveal his wife’s portrait, constantly hidden behind a curtain, the Duke obtained the final and absolute power over his wife. It is also interesting to note that the Duke chose a holy member of the church as part of his plan to capture and control his wifes image. On one hand, it is a twisted plan, coupling evil and holy together. And on the other hand, one could also speculate that someone as committed to God as a friar would be the smallest temptation for the Duchess’ smiles and thus Duke’s jealousy. It has become clear that the Duke didn’t like his wife to smile at anyone else but him and required her to elevate him above everyone else. As a result, he â€Å"gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together.† The Duke couldn’t bear not being the only one for Duchess’ smiles, and thus, presumably, had her killed. Finally, at the end of the monologue, there is a reference to another of the Duke’s acquisitions—Neptune taming a sea-horse—which he points out is a rarity, cast in bronze specifically for him. As it is rarely random for elements like this to be without significance, we can draw a metaphor between the portrait and the statue. Just like the sea-horse, the Duchess was a rarity to the Duke, and just like with the statue, he desired to â€Å"tame† her and have her all for himself. Is the Duchess so Innocent? Some readers believe that the Duchess isnt as innocent and that her smiles are really a code word for promiscuous behavior. To what degree, we will never know. It is, however, possible that when the friar paints her, she blushes out of pleasure to be near him. And, it is similarly possible that when she â€Å"thanked men† in her multitude of ways, it went beyond the traditional boundaries. One of the powerful aspects of this poem is indeed this uncertainty created for the reader—did the Duke execute a guilty wife or did he end the life of an innocent, kind-hearted woman? Women in the Victorian Age Certainly, women were oppressed during the 1500s, the era in which My Last Duchess takes place. Yet, the poem is less of a critique of the feudalistic ways of medieval Europe and more of an attack on the biased, overbearing views and rules of Victorian society. Literature of the era, in circles both journalistic and literary, portrayed women as fragile creatures in need of a husband. For a Victorian woman to be morally good, she must embody sensitivity, self-sacrifice, innate purity. All of these traits are exhibited by the Duchess, if we assume that her marriage was an act of self-sacrifice. While many Victorian husbands desired a pure, virginal bride, they also desired physical, mental, and sexual conquest. If a man was not satisfied with his wife, a woman who was his legal subordinate in the eyes of the law, he might not kill her off as the Duke so cavalierly does in Brownings poem. However, the husband might very well patronize one of Londons many prostitutes, thereby obliterating the sanctity of the marriage and endangering his innocent wife otherwise. Robert and Elizabeth Browning There is a possibility that the poem was somewhat inspired by the Brownings own history. Robert and Elizabeth Browning got married despite Elizabeth’s father’s will. Although not a murderous lord from the 16th century, Barretts father was a controlling patriarch who demanded that his daughters stay faithful to him, that they never move out of the home, not even to marry. Like the Duke who coveted his precious artwork, Barretts father wanted to keep hold of his children as if they were inanimate figures in a gallery. When she defied her fathers demands and married Robert Browning, Elizabeth became dead to her father and he never saw her again†¦unless, of course, he kept a picture of Elizabeth on his wall. Sources Kersten, Andrew Edmund, and Joyce E. Salisbury.  The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life, a Tour through History from Ancient Times to the Present. Greenwood Press, 2004.â€Å"John Keats and Negative Capability.†Ã‚  The British Library, The British Library, 18 Feb. 2014.â€Å"Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning Elope.† History.com, AE Television Networks, 13 Nov. 2009.