Special Education Teaching Strategy Lists for Success

There are many practical strategies that are effective in the classroom. It is up to the classroom and special education teacher to ensure that appropriate strategies are being used  to assist individual learning styles and allow all students with special needs  to succeed. It is recommended that a multi-modal approach be used: visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile for optimum success. Classroom Environment Provide the use of a study carrel when necessary.Seat student in an area free from distractions.Eliminate all unnecessary materials from the students desk to reduce distractions.Use a checklist to help the student get organized.Keep an extra supply of pencils, pens, books, and paper in the classroom.You may have to allow the student frequent breaks.Have an agreed upon cue for the student to leave the classroom.Reduce visual distractions in the classroom. Time Management and Transitions Space short work periods with breaks.Provide additional time to complete assignment.Allow extra time for homework completion.Inform student with several reminders, several minutes apart, before changing from one activity to the next.Reduce the amount of work from the usual assignment.Provide a specific place for turning in assignments. Presentation of Materials Modify expectations based on students needs.Break assignments into segments of shorter tasks.Give alternative assignments rather than long written assignments.Provide a model of the end product.Provide written and verbal direction with visuals if possible.Break long assignments into small sequential steps, monitoring each step.Highlight to alert student attention to key points within the written direction of the assignment.Check that all homework assignments are written correctly in some kind of an agenda/homework book. Sign it and have parents sign it as well.Number and sequence steps in a task.Provide outlines, study guides, copies of overhead notes.Explain learning expectations to the student before beginning a lesson.Make sure you have the students attention before beginning a lesson.Allow for the student to use tape recorders, computers, calculators and dictation to obtain and retain assignment success.Allow oral administration of test.Limit the number of concepts presented at o ne time.Provide incentives for beginning and completing material. Assessment, Grading, and Testing Provide a quiet setting for test taking, allow tests to be scribed if necessary and allowing for oral responses.Exempt student from district-wide testing if possible.Divide the test into small sections.Grade spelling separately from content.Allow as much time as needed to complete.Avoid time test.Change the percentage of work required for passing grade.Permit retaking the test.Provide monitored breaks from testing. Behavior Avoid confrontations and power struggles.Provide an appropriate peer role model.Modify rules that may discriminate against a student with a neurological disorder.Develop a system or code that will let the student know when behavior is not appropriate.Ignore attention seeking behaviors that are not disruptive to the classroom.Arrange a designated safe place that student can go to.Develop a code of conduct for the classroom and visually display it in an appropriate place where all students can see it, review it frequently.Develop a behavior intervention plan that is realistic and easily applied.Provide immediate reinforcers and feedback. Delivering an academic program to a room full of unique students is certainly a challenge. Implementing some of the listed strategies will provide a comfortable learning place for all students regardless of their academic abilities.

Solutions to Global Warming Essay - 1503 Words

You hear about it from television news broadcasts. You read about it in newspapers and magazines. You talk about it with friends and co-workers. There have even been movies made about it. The â€Å"it† is global warming. â€Å"Global warming refers to the global-average temperature increase that has been observed over the last one hundred years or more† (Spencer). Some experts argue that global warming is a result of human activities, while others believe the warming and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere is a natural cycle. Supporters of human induced global warming stress that since the Industrial Revolution we have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide, a known â€Å"greenhouse gas,† into the atmosphere and increased the Earth’s†¦show more content†¦The world’s population has doubled from three billion to six billion from 1959 to 1999 and is expected to reach nine billion in 2040 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). Because o f population growth, there is increased consumption of natural resources. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) states that the increase in global temperature is a direct result of human activities and is the most likely contributing factor in issues such as rising sea levels, melting of polar ice caps, and increased severity of weather. In reality, global warming does exist and has adverse effects on our environment. If human activities significantly contribute to increases in global warming, what are some things we can do to minimize our impact on the environment? Sometimes the smallest idea could have the largest impact. The following are some simple solutions that can be implemented at home or at work. One simple way to tackle climate change is to stop debating over the issue and start doing something about it (Lynas, 2007). Politicians and organizations spend too much time and money discussing ideas to minimize or reverse global warming. 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Jazz and Classical Music free essay sample

Music upon entering a modern record store, one is confronted with a wide variety of choices in recorded music. These choices not only include a multitude of artists, but also a wide diversity of music categories. These categories run the gamut from easy listening dance music to more complex art music. On the complex side of the scale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a life-long study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both.A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some Interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Lets begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classical, found in stores and performed regularly by symphonies around the world, spans a length of time from 1600 up to the present. This time frame includes the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Contemporary periods.The classical period of music actually spans a time from of 1 750 to 1800; thus, the term Classical is a isomer and could more correctly be changed to Western Art Music or European Art Music. European because most of the major composers up till the 20th century were European. Vivaldi was Italian, Bach was German, Mozart and Beethoven were Austrian; they are some of the more prominent composers. Not until the twentieth century with Gershwin and a few others do we find American composers writing this kind of art music. For the sake of convention, we can refer to western Art Music as Classical music. Jazz Is a distinctively American form of music, and its history occupies a much smaller span of time. Its origins are found In the early sass as some dance band leaders in the southern U. S. Began playing music that combined ragtime and blues. Early exponents of this dance music were Jelly Roll Martin (a blues player) and Scott Joplin (ragtime). The terms Jazz and Jazz Band first surfaced in the year 1900. Some say this occurred In New Orleans, although similar music was played at the same time in other places.The most prominent exponents of this early music, called Dixieland Jazz, included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Becket. After World War I, Jazz music had evolved and was aided by the development of the recording industry. The small dance band ensemble grew Into the larger orchestra known as the Big Band. The music of the Big Bands became known as Swing. Two of the more famous Swing band leaders were Tommy Dorset and Harry James. In the late ass and through the ass, a different kind of Jazz became popular. This music, played by a very small ensemble, was much more sophisticated and complex Its rich harmonic changes and melodic counterpoint were not conducive to dance. It became known as Bop, with Charlie Parker and Dizzied Gillespie being the early proponents. In the last Latin America. This modern Jazz music has been called Fusion. Present day exponents include Pat Methuen and Chic Corer. There has also been a return to the sound of Bop in the last ten years by such musicians as trumpeter Winston Marshals and his brother Branford, a saxophonist.Lets focus on the instrumentation of the two kinds of music. In Classical music, both large orchestras and small ensembles are used. But generally, the greatest and most prominent compositions are for the larger symphony orchestra. The largest part of the orchestra is the string section consisting of violins, violas, cellos and string basses. These instruments were invented very early in medieval times but really tauter into their present form during the late 18th century. The wind instruments, comprised of brass and woodwinds, took longer to mature.The brass section in particular did not posses the ability to play chromatically (in all keys) until the advent of valves which allowed the length of the instrument to be changed while playing. This occurred around the middle to late 19th century. Consequently, the brass instruments are less prominent in the music of Bach, Mozart and Beethoven along with their contemporaries. Late 19th and early 20th century composers make use of a ere large orchestra with all the fully developed wind instruments. Some of the master orchestrate/composers of this time were: Wagner, Remises-Karaoke, Ravel and Stravinsky.Currently, composers also make use of the full orchestra but with the addition of increasingly larger percussion sections which add many unique and unheard of sounds than in earlier music. Early Jazz music was played in small ensembles making use of clarinet, tuba, cornet, baritone, drums, and piano. Dixieland groups of New Orleans had similar instrumentation. During the Swing era, larger groups were employed to achieve more f an orchestral sound. The Big Bands of the this era were predominantly wind orchestras containing alto and tenor sax sections, trumpet and trombone sections, along with piano and drums.When Bop music arrived, the alto saxophone and trumpet were the preferred instruments of the major soloists who were backed up by piano, string bass and drums. With the advent of Fusion, electric instruments such as the electric guitar and keyboard synthesizer became prominent. How has each of these kinds of music been transmitted to later generations of musicians? Early in the evolution of classical music, a system of notation was radically developed which for the most part remained stable from the Renaissance on.This gave the composer control over how his compositions were to be played. Throughout the history of Jazz, however, notation was more like a rough sketch. This was because the syncopated rhythms of ragtime and the melodic riffs of the blues were not easily notated. Also, early Jazz musicians were not formally trained; they usually learned by ear. Some songs were transcribed and written down, but not in precise ways. Jazz music became more of a passed on tradition that a musician learned through interaction with other players.In a similar way, the modern Jazz musician must rely on previous recordings to get a feel for the style and technique an older composer by looking at and analyzing the music that the previous composer wrote down. Likewise, classical musicians can master the parts they must play by practicing the music that has been written or published beforehand. These two approaches to passing on tradition are both valid. However, without the recording medium Jazz music might have developed much differently than it has. The cohesive element that keeps a musical group together is also an interesting contrast.In Classical music, the conductor uses a baton and plays the orchestra as if it were his instrument; he looks at a complete score of all the events happening in the composition and interprets these events based on his knowledge and intuition of what the composer intended. Jazz groups rarely utilize conductors. The swing era employed them for the sake of keeping the larger sized group together but other Jazz styles did not and do not to this day. The drummer of the Jazz ensemble provides the beat that keeps the group together but even he is interacting with the other soloists as the song is performed.Perhaps the most interesting point of comparison between the two types of music is in improvisation. Improvisation is the ability to play and compose spontaneously on the spot while the music is playing. This has been an important element of Jazz from its inception. Although improvisation was less prominent during the swing era, it regained importance with Bop and onward. Early Jazz was improvised, using ragtime and blues as a loose structure. In the swing era, popular songs were arranged by an arranger and soloists played improvisations over the repeating sections in order to lengthen the song for dancing.With the advent of Bop, improvisation assumed great importance. The musicians memorized the chord changes to a song, along with the melody, but then played very loosely and in the end substituted new chords along with greatly embellishing the original melody to the point of being unrecognizable. These factors, along with the ability to interact with each other, became important and remains so in the Fusion music of today. In Classical music, modern listeners are mostly unaware of the fact that many of the great composers of the past were not only excellent performers but also great improvisers.Starting with J. S. Bach (1685-1750), the greatest composer of the Baroque era, he in fact made his living through his great skill as an improviser. It was common for the Lutheran Church organist of his day be able to improvise on choral melodies and Bach was considered one of the greatest at this. There are written accounts of other composers improvisational abilities including Mozart (1756-1791), Beethoven (1770-1829), and Franz List (1811-1886). Yet, as time went on, improvising gave way to the composers desire to exert complete control over his music. By the ate 19th century, improvising was rare and not used at all in public performances of classical music. In summation, we can say that Jazz and Classical music represent two approaches to Art Music. The Classical composer or performer has a long and rich body of music in recorded music to learn. Because of its small size, the modern Jazz ensemble allows loose interaction while the symphony orchestras large size and diversity of instruments provides many different sounds and wide dynamic range. In classical music the composer strives for control; he uses printed music to guide and direct the Caucasians through the conductor.In Jazz music, the songs are loosely composed, thus forming a basis for individual expression within an ensemble. When you go to hear a symphony, you hear an orchestra conducted by the conductor playing a composition. When you go to a Jazz club you hear a small Jazz ensemble interacting and improvising a song. Both of these kinds of music provide rich expression and detail to the serious listener. They take different paths to reach their final form but give a person equal opportunities to appreciate the creative output of each.